What is meant by "load torque" in mechanical systems?

Load torque refers to the torque necessary to maintain motion in a mechanical system while overcoming resistance from forces such as friction, inertia, and other external loads. It is crucial for ensuring that a machine operates efficiently under load.

When a mechanical system, such as a motor driving a conveyor belt, is in motion, it encounters various forms of resistance. This resistance causes a demand for torque to keep the system moving at a desired speed. Load torque is essentially the measure of this demand, reflecting the effort required to continue moving while countering any opposing forces.

Understanding load torque is vital for proper motor selection and system design, as it aids in determining the performance requirements of the mechanical drive. Without adequately accounting for load torque, a system might become underpowered or overpowered, leading to inefficiencies or mechanical failures.